Intel Core i9-9900K - Cooler Performance and Temperatures

Intel has come a long way with their mainstream processor platform. The platform has largely seen stagnation in terms of core and thread count over many generations since the first Core series CPU that launched back in 2010 but last year brought a big change to the CPU giant. What seemed to be a generational core clock bump has now turned into a generational core count bump while keeping the clock speed improvements.

The Coffee Lake-S 8th Generation family, was the first big core count jump on the mainstream 300 series platform. It was an opportunity for Intel to show that they don't only hold the IPC or clock speed advantage on the mainstream segment but they can also offer good multi-threading CPU performance. While the jump to 6 cores and 12 threads was great, the competition was offering up to 8 cores and 16 threads on their mainstream platform.

Intel is now unleashing their own 8 core parts with their new 9th Generation lineup, also known as the Coffee Lake Refresh. The interesting part is that while there is the famous Core i7 SKU with 8 cores, they are also launching their first mainstream Core i9 part with 8 cores. Both parts are very interesting in their own right and the price to performance difference is something which gamers have been looking forward to, especially when Intel is terming the Core i9 SKU as the best gaming processor on the planet, which is something I'd extensively be looking into in the performance benchmarks.

Today, I will be taking a look at the Core i9-9900K flagship CPU on the AORUS Z390 Master board. The CPU retails for $488 US in the market and is supposed to offer high-end CPU multi-threaded performance with enthusiast level overclocking capabilities, all at a premium price point. The Z390 AORUS Master retails for $289.99 US which is a great price for a high-end motherboard design like it.

Intel Z390 Express Chipset - The Top 300-Series PCH

Since the launch of Coffee Lake processors, Intel is also offering a new platform that is marked under the 300-series family. The Intel 300 series platform features several chipset SKUs but the top of the line is the Z390 PCH which replaces the Z370 PCH as the flagship mainstream SKU.

The Z390 platform is designed to support both 8th and 9th Generation Coffee Lake CPUs. Since the new processors are part of a refresh, Intel did not restrict 9th Gen compatibility to just Z390 boards or 8th Gen compatibility to just Z370 boards. We have more details on this in the LGA 1151 socket section so here, we will be taking a look at the Z390 feature set and what it offers over the previous 200 and 100 series platforms.

Intel Z390 PCH Features:

The 9th gen desktop platform has a range of new features that mainly include:

• First performance Intel Core i9 desktop S-series processor
• Up to 8 cores
• Intel Z390 chipset compatible
• Solder Thermal Interface Material (STIM)
• Intel Wireless-AC 802.11 AC and Bluetooth 5.0
• Intel Wireless-AC Adapter
• Up To 6 x USB 3.1 Gen 2 Ports
• Up to 16 threads, 5.0 GHz, 16 MB cache, and 40 platform PCIe lanes (16 CPU + 24 PCH)
• 9th Gen CPUs Compatible with all Intel 300 series chipsets
• Intel Optane memory and Intel Optane SSD support
• Thunderbolt 3 support

Intel Desktop Platform Chipset Comparison

Chipset Name	Arrow Lake-S (ARL-S) PCH / 800 Series (Z890)	Raptor Lake-S (RPL-S) PCH / 700 Series (Z790)	Alder Lake-S (ADL-S) PCH / 600 Series (Z690)	Rocket Lake-S (RKL-S) PCH / 500 Series (Z590)	Comet Lake-S (CML-S) PCH / 400 Series (Z490)	Coffee Lake S (CFL-S) PCH / 300 Series (Z390/H370, B360, Q370, H310)	Coffee Lake S (KBL-R) PCH / Z370 Platform
Process Node	7nm	14nm	14nm	14nm	14nm	14nm	22nm
Processor	24C, 20C, 14C, 12C, TBD)	24,16C,12C,10C,6C,4C	16C,12C,10C,6C,4C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch)	8C, 6C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch)	10C, 8C, 6C, 4C, 2C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch)	8C, 6C, 4C, 2C (Full corporate/consumer SKU stack at launch)	8C, 6C, 4C (6 Consumer SKUs at Launch)
Memory	Up To DDR5-6400 (Native)	Up To DDR5-5600 (Native) Up To DDR4-3200 (Native)	Up To DDR5-4800 (Native) Up To DDR4-3200 (Native)	Up To DDR4-3200 (Native)	Up To DDR4-2933 (Native)	Up To DDR4-2666 (Native)	Up To DDR4-2666 (Native)
Media, Display & Audio	eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities	eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities	eDP / 4DDI (DP, HDMI) Display Capabilities	DP 1.2 & HDMI 2.0, HBR3 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) 12-bit AV1/HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP With USB Audio offload SoundWire Digital Audio Interface	DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP SoundWire Digital Audio Interface	DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP SoundWire Digital Audio Interface	DP 1.2 & HDMI 1.4 HDCP 2.2 (HDMI 2.0a w/LSPCON) HEVC & VP9 10-bit Enc/Dec, HDR, Rec.2020, DX12 Integrated Dual-Core Audio DSP
I/O & Connectivity	Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0	Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0	Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ 7 BT CNVio) with Gig+ Integrated SDXC 4.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0	Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 (20G) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi6E/ BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 4.0 (Maple Ridge)	Integrated USB 3.2 Gen 2 Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi / BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 3.0 (Titan Ridge) w/ DP 1.4	Integrated USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5 Gbps) Integrated Intel Wireless-AC (Wi-Fi / BT CNVi) Integrated SDXC 3.0 Controller Thunderbolt 3.0 (Titan Ridge) w/ DP 1.4	Integrated USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5 Gbps) Thunderbolt 3.0 (Alpine Ridge)
Storage	PCIe 5.0 (CPU Lanes), 8x SATA 3.0	Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 5.0 (CPU Lanes), 6x SATA 3.0	Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 5.0, 6x SATA 3.0	Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 4.0, 6x SATA 3.0	Next-Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0	Next Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0	Next Gen Intel Optane memory PCIe 3.0, 6x SATA 3.0
Max PCH PCIe Lanes	Up To 24 (Gen 4)	Up To 20 (Gen 4) Up To 8 (Gen 3)	Up To 12 (Gen 4) Up To 16 (Gen 3)	Up To 24 (Gen 3)	Up To 24 (Gen 3)	Up To 24 (Gen 3)	Up To 24 (Gen 3)
Max CPU PCIe Lanes	Up To 20 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4)	Up To 16 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4)	Up To 16 (Gen 5) Up To 4 (Gen 4)	Up To 20 (Gen 4)	Up To 16 (Gen 3)	Up To 16 (Gen 3)	Up To 16 (Gen 3)
Max USB Ports	Up To 5 (USB 3.2 Gen 2z2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 5 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 4 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 3 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x2) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 2x1) Up To 10 (USB 3.2 Gen 1x1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 10 (USB 3.2) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 10 (USB 3.1) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)	Up To 10 (USB 3.0) Up To 14 (USB 2.0)
Security	Intel TET Intel Boot Guard	N/A	N/A	N/A	Intel SGX 1.0	Intel SGX 1.0	Intel SGX 1.0
Power Management	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C10 & S0ix Support for Modern Standby	C8 Support
Launch	2024	2022	2021	2021	2019	2018	2017

Intel LGA 1151 Socket Again - Now With 9th Generation Processor Support

Intel isn't moving away from the LGA 1151 socket anytime soon. We are once again looking at the same socket which has been doing the rounds in the mainstream market since 2015. There is, however, a major difference. There's no backward compatibility with Skylake and Kaby Lake processors.

That brings us to the next significant detail about the Intel 300-series platform. Intel is confirming that the 9th Gen Coffee Lake processors retain compatibility with the 300-series chipset. It's nice to see compatibility retained but it was also expected since 9th Gen is a refresh of Coffee Lake CPUs and high-end motherboards based on the Z370 chipset still allow for full overclocking support on the 8 core processors, even though the Z390 series is tailored around those CPUs with better PWM supplies.

A more detailed analysis was posted by David Schor a few days ago which confirms the change in pin configuration on Coffee Lake processors. This allows support for both 8th and 9th Gen CPUs without any major issues.

According to David, the reason we don't have Coffee Lake processors compatible with older series motherboards that feature the LGA 1151 socket is the change in pins. For instance, if the pin config changes on a processor, the sockets on the motherboard need to be configured as such. It's not a process that can be done via software as its more of a hardware level change.

When compared, the Coffee Lake processors have 391 VSS (Ground) pins which is an increase of 14 compared to Kaby Lake, 146 VCC (Electrical) pins which is an increase of 18 pins compared to Kaby Lake and about 25 pins that are reserved and a decrease of 21 pins from the 46 reserved on Kaby Lake.

Kaby Lake -> Coffee Lake

• VSS (Ground): 377 -> 391 (+14)
• VCC (Power): 128 -> 146 (+18)
• RSVD: 46 ->25

Intel LGA 1151 CPU Pin Configuration (Coffee Lake vs Kaby Lake):

So one thing is clear, Intel was, in fact, telling the truth about electrical changes to the processors and socket in the 300-series platform. Furthermore, it's not just the reserved pins from Kaby Lake that have simply been populated. There are pins aside the reserved ones that were swapped with VCC pins and indicate a design tweak.

While we can put many theories to rest with this new detail, I think much of the confusion could have just been avoided if Intel clarified this themselves. Of course, if you are making the boards with a new PCH and new series of processors on the same socket that ran the previous CPU line, consumers would definitely want to know more about why the new platform that has the same socket cannot support their older chips. We previously heard about the LGA 1151 V2 naming scheme and that may have sorted some confusion but as we can tell, all motherboards still use the LGA 1151 naming scheme which may lead to people thinking that their 6th and 7th generation processors can run on the newer boards.

Cooler Compatibility With LGA 1151 Socket

Keeping the same socket has some advantages in the form of cooler compatibility. All users who are running the LGA 1151 socket or even LGA 1150 boards can use the same cooler on the Z390 boards without any hassle. The socket has the same dimensions and no changes are made aside from electrical changes that are specific to socket and processor pins. The socket assembly and mounting remain the same.

Intel does offer a separate boxed cooler but it will be a much better choice to get an AIB cooling solution since those offer better cooling performance. It is recommended for the unlocked SKUs that users run them on a high-end air cooler or liquid cooling solution. Custom loop cooling will deliver even better results.

First of all, what is Coffee Lake? In simple terms, Coffee Lake is an improved Kaby Lake that has been made possible with the latest 14nm++ process node. Intel briefed the press that their new Coffee Lake Refresh is on the same architectural level as Kaby Lake (which is similar to Skylake) with no changes at all.

Aside from that, the new 14nm process allows for improved power efficiency and higher clock speeds. There's a reason that Intel is bumping up the core count across their entire range of processors. Under the same 95W package, Intel is now offering up to 8 cores and 16 threads on their Core i9 SKUs, 8 cores and 8 threads on their Core i7 SKUs, and 6 cores and 6 threads on their Core i5 SKUs.

Actual power consumption may vary during testing real-world applications since Intel lists the TDP at the base clock which means power consumption at boost clocks would vary so it's very workload dependent. You will also note that Intel has given a fairly good bump to both CPU and integrated GPU clock speeds which is only possible with the new and improved 14nm++ process.

Intel Coffee Lake CPUs Have 16 PCIe 3.0 Lanes, PCH Supports 24 PCIe 3.0 Lanes - These Make Up The 40 PCIe Platform Lanes

Now one thing you might have noticed in other articles is that they state the Intel Coffee Lake platform will feature 40 PCIe Lanes. That's true but not entirely an accurate representation. As you see, Intel does have 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes on their upcoming family but those are a combination of CPU and PCH lanes. All Coffee Lake CPUs feature 16 PCIe Gen 3.0 lanes while the Z390 PCH features 24 PCIe 3.0 lanes. These make up the 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes that Intel claims of.

This means that people can add in two GPUs for SLI or mGPU support which will be given to the CPU while PCH can allow for additional devices such as PCIe / M.2 storage or Intel Optane support.

The Intel 9th Gen, Unlocked Core Desktop Family Full Specifications and Prices

Intel is initially launching three "K" unlocked CPUs in the 9th Gen Core lineup. As of right now, the 9th Gen unlocked family consists of the Core i9-9900K, Core i7-9700K, and the Core i5-9600K. The processors retail for $488 US for the Core i9, $374 US for the Core i7 and $262 US for the Core i5 SKUs.

Following are the detailed specs for these CPUs:

Intel Core i9-9900K, Intel’s First 8 Core and 16 Thread Mainstream CPU With 4.7 GHz All 8 Core Boost Frequency For $488 US

The Intel Core i9-9900K is the flagship SKU of the 9th Generation Core family. This will be the first mainstream desktop Core i9 part and also the first Intel chip to boast 8 cores and 16 threads. In terms of cache, the chip will feature 16 MB of L3 and will come with an Intel UHD 620 graphics chip.

The clock speeds are something to check out here, we are going to get a 3.6 GHz base clock out of the box and a 5.0 GHz boost clock in single and dual core operations. 4 core boost is rated at 4.8 GHz while 6/8 core boost is rated at 4.7 GHz. This is the highest frequency we have seen on an 8 core part across all cores. All of this is done under a 95W package so we can expect some hefty cooling solutions to go along with this chip.

Intel Core i7-9700K, Intel’s First 8 Core, Core i7 Mainstream Desktop CPU With Up To 4.6 GHz Clocks Across All Cores at $374 US

Coming to the top Core i7 part, we get 8 cores and 8 threads. This the complete opposite of what we have been hearing as previous rumors identified the chip as a 6 core and 12 thread part. The chip will have 12 MB of L3 cache and as you might tell, it has fewer threads than the Core i7-8700K but comes with a higher core count. So, maybe, we will get the same or even better performance from the chip.

In terms of clock speeds, the chip has a base clock of 3.6 GHz and boosts up to 4.9 GHz in single, 4.8 GHz in dual-core, 4.7 GHz in four core and 4.6 GHz in 6/8 core operations. The TDP for this part is maintained at the same 95W.

Intel Core i5-9600K, 6 Cores, and 6 Threads With Higher Clocks Than 8th Generation i5 ‘K” SKU, $262 US Official Price

The Intel Core i5-9600K is a 6 core and 6 thread part with 9 MB of L3 cache. This makes it very similar to the Core i5-8600K. The difference is that it features higher clock speeds of 3.7 GHz base, 4.6 GHz boost (1 core), 4.5 GHz (2 core), 4.4 GHz (4 core) and 4.3 GHz (6 core). All of this is done at the same TDP of 95W.

Intel 9th Generation Core Family CPU Official Specifications:

Processor Name	Process	Cores / Threads	Base Clock	Boost Clock	Cache	TDP	Price
Core i9-9900KS	14nm++	8 / 16	3.6 GHz	5.0 GHz (8 Cores)	16 MB	127W	$513 US
Core i9-9900K	14nm++	8 / 16	3.6 GHz	5.0 GHz	16 MB	95W	$488 US
Core i9-9900KF	14nm++	8 / 16	3.6 GHz	5.0 GHz	16 MB	95W	$488 US
Core i7-9700K	14nm++	8 / 8	3.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	12 MB	95W	$374 US
Core i7-9700KF	14nm++	8 / 8	3.6 GHz	4.9 GHz	12 MB	95W	$374 US
Core i5-9600K	14nm++	6 / 6	3.7 GHz	4.6 GHz	9 MB	95W	$262 US
Core i5-9600KF	14nm++	6 / 6	3.7 GHz	4.6 GHz	9 MB	95W	$262 US
Core i5-9600	14nm++	6 / 6	3.1 GHz	4.5 GHz	9 MB	65W	TBD
Core i5-9500	14nm++	6 / 6	3.0 GHz	4.3 GHz	9 MB	65W	TBD
Core i5-9400	14nm++	6 / 6	2.9 GHz	4.1 GHz	9 MB	65W	$182
Core i5-9400T	14nm++	6 / 6	1.8 GHz	3.4 GHz	9 MB	35W	TBD
Core i3-9350KF	14nm++	4/4	4.0 GHz	4.6 GHz	8 MB	91W	TBD
Core i3-9100	14nm++	4 / 4	TBD	4.2 GHz	6 MB	65W	TBD
Core i3-9000	14nm++	4 / 4	3.7 GHz	N/A	6 MB	65W	TBD
Core i3-9000T	14nm++	4 / 4	3.2 GHz	N/A	6 MB	35W	TBD

Intel Details Overclocking and Gaming Performance Figures - Our Advice, Wait For Reviews

Intel also detailed some performance numbers for their Coffee Lake processors. First of all, we have overclocking details. Intel claims that Coffee Lake processors are the best chips designed for overclocking. There is a range of new features supported by the chips which include:

• Per Core Overclocking
• Max Memory Ratio Up To 8400 MT/s
• Real-time Memory Latency Control
• Extended PLL Trim Controls
• Enhanced Package Power Delivery

AORUS sent us their top of the motherboard, the AORUS Z390 Master for this review. This flagship motherboard carries a top end design that boasts literally every feature that gamers demand. You can expect the best overclocking capabilities, faster 4266+ MHz DRAM support, high-end audio driver, wireless connectivity on board and a futuristic design scheme that can take true advantage of overclocking capabilities that Coffee Lake unlocked CPUs have to offer. The motherboard being aimed at the high-end also comes at a high price of $289.99 US.

AORUS Z390 Master Motherboard Specifications:

• Supports 9th and 8th Gen Intel Core Processors
• Dual Channel Non-ECC Unbuffered DDR4, 4 DIMMs
• Intel Optane Memory Ready
• 12 Phases IR Digital VRM Solution with PowIRstage
• Advanced Thermal Design with Fins-Array Heatsink and Direct Touch Heatpipe
• Onboard Intel CNVi 802.11ac 2x2 Wave 2 Wi-Fi
• 125dB SNR AMP-UP Audio with ALC1220 & High-End ESS SABRE 9118 DAC with WIMA audio capacitors
• USB TurboCharger for Mobile Device Fast Charge Support
• Intel Gigabit LAN with cFosSpeed
• RGB FUSION with Multi-Zone Addressable LED Light Show Design, Supports Addressable LED & RGB LED Strips
• Smart Fan 5 features Multiple Temperature Sensors and Hybrid Fan Headers with FAN STOP
• Front USB 3.1 Gen 2 Type-C Header
• Triple Ultra-Fast NVMe PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 with Triple Thermal Guard
• USB DAC-UP 2 with Adjustable Voltage
• CEC 2019 Ready, Save Power With a Simple Click

AORUS Z390 Master Motherboard Gallery:

Starting off with the Z390 AORUS Master, we will be getting the most advanced AORUS design to date with the LGA 1151 socket supporting either 8th or 9th Gen processors. The CPU socket is powered by dual 8-pin connectors with a solid metal armor around them.

One crucial thing to note here is that the Z390 AORUS Master comes with a total of 12 IR Digital VRMs. The PWM design includes 12 IR3553 40A MOSFETs and 6 IR3599 Phase Doublers. The one on the Z390 AORUS Xtreme is an even higher end, rocking a 16 phase design (TDA21462 60A) and 8 Phase Doublers.

The only other board to use International Rectifier components is the Z390 AORUS I Pro WiFi which has a 6 phase design IR35201 PWM unit (IR3553 40A MOSFETs) but no Doublers like the high-end models. All of these motherboards should ensure top-notch overclocking and the best stability on unlocked 9th and 8th Gen processors. AORUS themselves state that the boards will offer 5 GHz+ overclocking capabilities across all 8 cores.

The top tier motherboards come with Direct Touch heatsinks that make use of a large aluminum fin array and embedded heat pipes for the best cooling performance on an Intel Z390 platform. AORUS is the only motherboard vendor to offer fin stack cooling heatsinks across all platforms such as Z390, X470, and X399. Four DDR4 DIMM slots offer support for up to 64 GB of memory support at speeds of 4400 MHz (OC+) on the AORUS Z390 Master. Storage includes six SATA III ports while expansion capabilities include three PCIe 3.0 x16 (x16/x8/x4 electrical), three PCIe x1 slots and three M.2 slots. All three M.2 slots are covered by the AORUS M.2 shield which looks fantastic and has a thermal pad beneath to keep your high-end M.2 storage device running in a stable operation.

I/O on the AORUS Z390 Master includes 2 USB 3.1 Gen 2 (Type-C) ports, 3 USB 3.1 Gen 2 (Type-A) ports, 4 USB 3.1 Gen 1 ports and 8 USB 2.0 ports. On the rear panel, you can find 1 USB 3.1 Gen 2 (Type-C) ports, 3 USB 3.1 Gen 2 (Type-C) ports, 2 USB 3.1 Gen 1 ports and 4 USB 2.0 ports from the ones mentioned above, the rest are used as internal connectors for front panel support. Other I/O includes a power reset button, a clear CMOS button, 2 SMA antenna connectors which use the Intel CNVi interface 802.11a/b/g/n/ac, supporting 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band and Bluetooth v5.0 with up to 1.73 Gbps transfer rates, 1 HDMI port, 1 RJ-45 (Intel Gigabit) Ethernet LAN port, 1 SPDIF optical out port and a 5 channel HD audio jack (ALC1220-VB & ESS SABRE 9118 DAC).

The AORUS Z390 Master comes in the standard cardboard package. The front is themed in black and orange, a color scheme which has been part of AORUS products for a while now. You can also note AORUS Falcon on the front which looks great and is the first indication that this is the gaming slash enthusiast aimed AORUS product and not the standard Gigabyte product. The AORUS Z390 Master is still branded as Gigabyte's offering but has been designed by the AORUS division as their top of the line product, just a tier below the flagship AORUS Z390 Xtreme.

The front side also lists down support for Intel's 8th generation Core processors (should list 9th Gen). There's also support for Intel Optane memory along with other features such as 12+2 Digital Power, ESS Sabre HiFi, Intel 802.11ac, RGB Fusion, Smart Fan 5 and also revealing that the board utilizes twice the copper as standard PCBs for better current and voltage flow through the electrical circuitry.

The back side of the package lists down the specifications and special features of the motherboard such as the IR Digital VRM solution with PowIRstage, RGB Fusion with Digital LEDs support, ESS 32 bit HyperStream SABRE 9118 DAC and other key features. The main highlights of the board which I am looking forward to see is the Advanced Thermal design which we will be going in full detail in this review.

Inside the package is another box which contains the accessories in the top and motherboard at the bottom. It is very easy to access although the accessories are a bit scattered and things could get messy sorting out the various additions.

There are several accessories included in the package. Following is the full list of accessories in the package.

• User Manual, Installation Guide, Support CD
• 2 x Thermistors
• 2 x ARGB Addressable Cables
• 2 x Soft Touch Ties
• 1 x Wireless Antenna
• 2 x SATA Cables
• 3 x M.2 screws
• 1 x G-Connector for Front Panel Switches
• 1 x Gigabyte SLI HB Bridge

The motherboard is housed on the top section, over the accessories and has the anti-static wrapping to protect it from any built up electrical resistance that can affect the board.

The AORUS Z390 Master motherboard retains the more modern design scheme that we saw on the AORUS Z370 Gaming 7. I am really delighted by the looks of this motherboard as it is one of the best product designs by AORUS to date. AORUS top-tier products are known to be elegantly designed which can be seen on their HEDT motherboards and high-performance graphics cards offerings.

The AORUS Z390 Master is styled in black and silver. This is a top-tier product that retails at $290 US so expect lots of features packed inside this motherboard. The motherboard comes in the standard ATX form factor. The Master series replaces the Gaming 7 products which have always been the go-to products for high-performance gamers and enthusiasts while the Xtreme tier products are aimed at the premium high-performance market.

The back side of the motherboard has a base plate which comes with additional thermal pads to interact with the electrical components on the back. This offers better thermal conductivity through the back side and the shield provides more durability to the motherboard.

The board uses the LGA 1151 socket to support Intel Core processors. The socket is compatible with Intel's 8th & 9th Generation core family. The socket has a protective cover on top of it that points out the exclusivity with Coffee Lake CPUs and refrains users from running an older 6th or 7th generation CPU as they won't work with these motherboards at all.

Next to the socket are four DDR4 DIMM slots which can support up to 64 GB dual channel memory. These slots are rated to support XMP profiles up to 4266MHz (OC Plus). Each slot is labeled, making it easier to install DIMMs in the proper orientation.

The interesting thing is that Intel has said to allow memory capacity support of up to 128 GB but that would mean that DRAM vendors would have to release dual-capacity memory kits that utilize 16Gb dies and ensure that they are compatible with these boards. All four DIMM slots feature the metal shielding which offers increased durability.

AORUS has been offering these since their 200 series motherboards and they do add to the quality of the board. Previous generations had also embedded LEDs but AORUS has gone away from that design scheme to offer Digital LEDs on different Accent zones spread across the motherboard.

The AORUS Z390 Master packs a 12 IR Digital VRM supply. The PWM design includes 12 IR3553 40A MOSFETs and 6 IR3599 Phase Doublers. The one on the Z390 AORUS Xtreme is an even higher end, rocking a 16 phase design (TDA21462 60A) and 8 Phase Doublers.

The only other board to use International Rectifier components is the Z390 AORUS I Pro WiFi which has a 6 phase design IR35201 PWM unit (IR3553 40A MOSFETs) but no Doublers like the high-end models. All of these motherboards should ensure top-notch overclocking and the best stability on unlocked 9th and 8th Gen processors. AORUS themselves state that the boards will offer 5 GHz+ overclocking capabilities across all 8 cores.

As you can see, the VRMs are getting ample cooling from the two metallic heatsinks that are beefy in terms of overall size. This motherboard is designed for overclocking so expect stable operation of the electrical circuitry when this board is running.

If you look in closely, the heatsink solution comes with heat pipe cooling that runs across the entire length of the dual heatsinks. The heatsink is a combination of various blocks, the most impressive of which is the Direct Touch fin stack that embeds the copper heat pipe. AORUS claims that the fin heatsink offers up to 30% temperature reduction compared to traditional aluminum blocks.

The fin stack is actually embedded on top of the main aluminum heatsink and I cannot a slight gap in between them which is filled by a high thermal conductivity pad. This would ensure that air does not get trapped within the opening. The main aluminum block features the direct touch heatpipe solution which disspates heat from the VRMs effectively.

AORUS is also using Digital LEDs within the top I/O cover that gives a nice effect, emitting light through the fin stack when the motherboard is operational.

Below, you can see the conductivity pad which sits underneath the aluminum block and the fin array which sits over the aluminum block, finally being topped off by a plastic shroud that gives nice aesthetics to the motherboard. Both aluminum blocks further include fin cuts so that air can channel through them.

The CPU is supplied power through an 8+8 pin power connector configuration. This will feed the CPU with up to 300W of power. Most Intel CPUs will be shipping with TDPs under 100W but that changes when users overclock since that changes the power limit based on applied voltages and clock speed.

On close inspection, you can see that the power connectors are braced using metal shielding. These including the 24pin ATX connector use the solid pin design that has a larger contact area for electric current to flow through and higher metal quantity to sustain higher power draws.

Expansion slots include three PCI Express 3.0 x16 (x16/x8/x4 electrical), three PCI Express 3.0 x1 and three M.2 slots. The board can support three-way multi-GPU (CrossFireX / SLI). The M.2 slots are rated to support NVMe PCIe gen3 x4 and Intel Optane series memory.

AORUS is using their Ultra Durable PCIe armor on the sides of the expansion slots which provides protection to some extent. It adds more retention and shearing resistance by reinforcing the slots with metal plates. Aside from adding more protection, they do look really sweet.

All three M.2 slots feature the M.2 Thermal Guard that comes with a large metallic plate, acting as a heatsink and further includes a thermal pad that can sustain higher temperatures when storage devices (M.2 SSDs) are stressed for long durations.

The PCH is cooled off by a large metallic heatsink which runs next to the SATA ports. The PCH heatsink has embedded Digital LEDs and provide a good light show for those that are interested in RGBs trend. You can also turn off the LEDs entirely through AORUS's bundled software if you are not a fan of such LEDs.

The PCH heatsink is themed to represent the AORUS Falcon logo which offers a nice touch the motherboard.

Storage options include six SATA III ports rated to operate at 6 GB/s. These can support a total of six different storage devices at once. There's also a right-angled USB 3.0 front panel connector. Many fan headers and jumpers can be found beneath the storage ports.

AORUS is using the latest high-end ESS Sabre DAC (ES9118) and ALC1220 Audio Codec for sound enthusiasts. There is a range of audio technologies available on the board which include audiophile-grade WIMA capacitors and Nichicon caps while the precision audio stream (TXC Oscillator) chip offers precise time triggers to Digital-Analog converters.

The full list of connectors on the motherboard is listed as follows.

1. 1 x 24-pin ATX main power connector
2. 2 x 8-pin ATX 12V power connectors
3. 1 x CPU fan header
4. 1 x water cooling CPU fan header
5. 4 x system fan headers
6. 2 x system fan/water cooling pump headers
7. 2 x Addressable LED strip headers
8. 2 x Addressable LED strip power select jumpers
9. 2 x RGB LED strip headers
10. 3 x M.2 Socket 3 connectors
11. 6 x SATA 6Gb/s connectors
12. 1 x front panel header
13. 1 x front panel audio header
14. 1 x S/PDIF Out header
15. 1 x USB Type-C port, with USB 3.1 Gen 2 support
16. 1 x USB 3.1 Gen 1 header
17. 2 x USB 2.0/1.1 headers
18. 1 x Thunderbolt add-in card connector
19. 1 x Trusted Platform Module (TPM) header (2x6 pin, for the GC-TPM2.0_S module only)
20. 1 x OC button
21. 1 x reset button
22. 2 x temperature sensor headers
23. 2 x BIOS switches
24. 1 x Clear CMOS jumper
25. Voltage Measurement Points

AORUS is using the Intel 802.11ac Wave2 CNVi WiFi and Bluetooth Module to power wireless connectivity such as 802.11ac WiFi (up to 1.73 Gbps) and Bluetooth 5.0.

Finally, we have the I/O panel which includes the following ports:

1. 1 x Power/Reset button
2. 1 x Clear CMOS button
3. 2 x SMA antenna connectors (2T2R)
4. 1 x HDMI port
5. 1 x USB Type-C™ port, with USB 3.1 Gen 2 support
6. 3 x USB 3.1 Gen 2 Type-A ports (red)
7. 2 x USB 3.1 Gen 1 ports
8. 4 x USB 2.0/1.1 ports
9. 1 x RJ-45 port
10. 1 x optical S/PDIF Out connector
11. 5 x audio jacks

AORUS Z390 Master RGB Fusion System:

AORUS is using their RGB Fusion technology to power the lighting system on the Z390 Master. There's a range of customization available through the app which can be downloaded directly from AORUS's official webpage.

In addition to the built-in RGB illumination, it also features onboard RGB headers and an addressable RGB header that allow the motherboard to be connected to compatible LED devices such as strip, CPU fans, coolers, chassis and so on. Users may also synchronize RGB LED devices across the RGB Fusion Sync-certified accessories to create their own unique lighting effects.

For testing, we used the latest Intel Core i9-9900K which was sent to us by Intel. The Intel 9th Gen Coffee Lake Refresh family comes with a higher core count on the mainstream platform but prices are close to the predecessors in the same segment. The Core i9 SKU wasn't available last time but the Core i7 price matches around the same as what you paid for the Core i7-8700K. The CPUs was tested on the AORUS Z390 Master in this review.

Intel Core i9-9900K and Z390 AORUS Master Test Bed:

Processor	Intel Core i9-9900K
Motherboard	Z390 AORUS Master
Power Supply	Corsair AX1200i PSU
Solid State Drive	Samsung SSD 960 EVO M.2 (512 GB)
Memory	G.SKILL Trident Z RGB Series 32 GB (4 x 8GB) CL16 3600 MHz
Video Cards	MSI GeForce GTX 1080 Ti Lightning X
Cooling Solutions	Corsair H115i GTX
OS	Windows 10 64-bit

Our test rig includes the Samsung 960 EVO 500 GB SSD that boots up our main OS while a 2 TB Seagate HDD is used for demonstration purposes for the Intel Optane memory. In addition to these, we are running an MSI GeForce GTX 1080 Ti Lightning X graphics card, a Corsair AX 1200i power supply and 32 GB of G.Skill provided Trident Z RGB series memory which runs with a clock speed of DDR4-3600 MHz. For cooling, we used the  Corsair H115i PRO cooler.

We won't be focusing on Intel's Core i7-8086K architecture in this review since it is entirely the same chip as Skylake along with minor improvements. The Skylake / Kaby Lake architecture analysis can be seen in detail here. For overclocking, I made the following tweaks to the CPUs:

• Intel Core i9-9900KK @ 5.3 GHz With 1.352V (100 x 53)

3DMark Time Spy CPU Performance

3DMark Firestrike is the widely popular video card benchmark test for Windows that is designed to measure your PC’s gaming performance. While the overall benchmark is great, the utility also provides a good indication of the CPU performance.

3DMark Firestrike CPU Performance

3DMark Firestrike is the widely popular video card benchmark test for Windows that is designed to measure your PC’s gaming performance. While the overall benchmark is great, the utility also provides a good indication of the CPU performance.

Blender

Blender is the free and open source 3D creation suite. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline—modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing and motion tracking, even video editing and game creation.

Cinebench R15

CINEBENCH is a real-world cross platform test suite that evaluates your computer’s performance capabilities. CINEBENCH is based on MAXON’s award-winning animation software CINEMA 4D, which is used extensively by studios and production houses worldwide for 3D content creation. MAXON software has been used in blockbuster movies such as Iron Man 3, Oblivion, Life of Pi or Prometheus and many more.

HandBrake

HandBrake is a tool for converting video from nearly any format to a selection of modern, widely supported codecs.

PCMark 10

PCMark 10 is a complete PC benchmarking solution for Windows 10. It includes several tests that combine individual workloads covering storage, computation, image and video manipulation, web browsing and gaming. Specifically designed for the full range of PC hardware from netbooks and tablets to notebooks and desktops, PCMark 10 offers complete Windows PC performance testing for home and business use.

POV-Ray

The POV-Ray package includes detailed instructions on using the ray-tracer and creating scenes. Many stunning scenes are included with POV-Ray so you can start creating images immediately when you get the package.

SuperPI

Super PI is used by many overclockers to test the performance and stability of their computers. In the overclocking community, the standard program provides a benchmark for enthusiasts to compare “world record” pi calculation times and demonstrate their overclocking abilities. The program can also be used to test the stability of a certain overclock speed.

WinRAR

WinRAR is a powerful archive manager. It can backup your data and reduce the size of email attachments, decompresses RAR, ZIP and other files downloaded from the Internet and create new archives in RAR and ZIP file format.

X264 HD Encode Benchmark

This benchmark measures the encoding performance of the processor. It offers a standardized benchmark for the clip as well as the encoder used is uniform.

Ashes of The Singularity

Stardock's Ashes of the Singularity RTS title is a new take on the historical genre. The game incorporates several things that many pc gamers have been curious about and anxious to try for themselves such as Explicit Multi-Adapter Support and full Asynchronous Compute under DirectX 12 API. We tested the game at 1440P with 4x MSAA on Crazy Settings under DirectX 12.

Battlefield 1

Battlefield 1 is the kind of game that doesn’t need any real introduction. The latest installment of the Battlefield series is as beautiful as anyone would expect and comes right out of the gate with full DX11 and DX12. EA and DICE did a fantastic job with their AAA WW1 shooter this time by implementing some key gaming technologies. We tested the game at 1440P using Ultra settings and DirectX 11 API.

DOOM

In 2016, Id finally released Doom. My testing wouldn’t be complete without including this title. It's a hell fest featuring fast-paced FPS action and tons of demons to kill. The latest title is based on both Vulkan and OpenGL APIs that take advantage of the latest multi-core and multi-GPU upgrades.

GTA V

GTA V is one handsomely optimized title for the PC audience. It's scalable across various PC configurations and delivers an impressive frame rate. Rockstar did an amazing job with the PC build of GTA V and it comes with a large array of settings that can be configured by PC gamers. We tested the title at 1440P with everything set to Ultra and 4x MSAA.

Mass Effect Andromeda

Being a huge fan of the Mass Effect series, I was highly anticipating the arrival of Andromeda to store shelves. Now that it’s here, I put the fastest gaming card to the test. Using Frostbite, the latest Mass Effect title looks incredibly gorgeous and the open world settings on the different planets immerses you a lot.

The Rise of the Tomb Raider

The latest Rise of the Tomb Raider title gets lots of graphical enhancements added by Crystal Dynamics and Nixxes, including hardware tessellation, increased anisotropic filtering, additional dynamic foliage, increased LOD, additional PureHair strands, sun soft shadows, and improved bokeh DOF. We tested the game at 1440P under DirectX 12 API.

Sid Meir's Civilization VI

Civilization VI is the pinnacle of the series. It's featured huge, sweeping changes, and nothing was left out. Everything has found a purpose, they all work together in tandem but also have a reason to stand alone. It uses a more fleshed out engine that now supports DirectX 12 capabilities. We tested the game with every setting maxed out (4x MSAA, 4096x4096 shadow textures) at 1440P in DirectX 12.

Watch Dogs 2

Watch Dogs 2 once again takes us on a hacking tour, but this time in the city of San Francisco. Using a very evolved version of the OPUS engine the developers should have a better grasp of things this go around than they did with Watch Dogs. The new engine incorporates several NVIDIA Gameworks technologies and is seen as one of the most graphics intensive titles to launch this year. We tested the game on a mix of Ultra and high settings at 1440P (Temporal Filtering Disabled).

The Coffee Lake architecture is meant to improve overall system power consumption and add to the efficiency. In the case of the 9th Gen CPUs, we are looking at refined 14nm++ process which allows Intel to gain improved clock speeds and increase the number of cores within the same power envelope.

With the frequency bump, the new chips do end up with higher power consumption both in idle and load states. The Intel Core i9-9900K when overclocked, breaches the 400W barrier. Even the stock operation is higher than the previous generation flagship which tells that this part has may not be aiming the higher efficiency point as the previous generation parts.

The Intel Coffee Lake processors feature higher clock speeds and more cores, this means that the temperatures can directly be affected by the updated design. In terms of packaging, the processor's ship with STIM or Soldered Thermal Interface Material.

In short, Intel has gone back to the soldered design with higher quality thermal interface material between the die and IHS so that should technically lead to better temperatures under overclocking and stress situations. The results were carried out with the Corsair H115i PRO liquid cooler:

The Intel Core i9-9900K is the flagship chip of the 9th Generation family and it is the one that users will be the most excited about. The competition has finally prompted Intel to reach core parity with their flagship parts and the result is Intel's own 8 core and 16 thread CPU, running up to 5.0 GHz at boost frequencies.

Intel Core i9-9900K - A Great CPU With Not So Great Pricing

In terms of performance, Intel's claimed that this is the best gaming processors and we fully agree with them. It provides blistering fast gaming performance and now we can see that Intel definitely has the IPC and clock speed advantage, even with an 8 core, 16 threaded part. This provides an ample amount of gaming, streaming and multi-threading performance which mainstream users have been asking for so long.

But there's more than performance when it comes to testing a processor. Intel might have claimed the performance throne but there are other issues with the Core i9-9900K. Starting off with the price, the processor has been claimed to have a retail price of $488 US but after looking closely at the slides provided by Intel, those are 1K unit prices. The actual consumer would have to pay more than that. As of right now, the Intel Core i9-9900K is listed for $579.99 US on Newegg and $529.99 US on Amazon. The AMD Ryzen 7 2700 which is also an 8 core, 16 thread CPU retails for less than half the cost of the Core i9-9900K. Even the faster Ryzen 7 2700X has a retail price closing in at half of that for the 9900K.

Intel does have the performance advantage but considering that a person building a PC around the 9900K would be gaming at no less than 1440p or 2160p, where the applications (games) are more GPU bound than CPU, the pricing doesn't look great at all. Moving on, in multi-threading workloads, Intel is now crushing the competition since their cores run faster but if you want a higher core count chip, a Ryzen Threadripper 1920X with double the cores and thread now retails at less than the asking price of the Core i9-9900K. The platform price is definitely higher on the X399 side compared to Z390 but then again, the option exists for users who are looking for more core crunching power.

Now the overclocking is really great on the Core i9-9900K. The AMD Ryzen 2000 series is hard to get up to 4.3-4.4 GHz but Intel's 8 core and 16 thread CPU can overclock up to 5.3 GHz across all cores. That's a stunning overclock for such a chip and if you are lucky to find a binned chip and add a custom loop, you'd be able to go beyond that. You'd need a better board though like the Z390 Taichi Ultimate I used here with suitable amount of power delivery for overclocking. The problem here is that the architecture and process are still the same as the 8th Gen and power consumption rises a lot when overclocked. In terms of cooling, the STIM package really helps but not as much as we hoped for. Furthermore, the overclocking community would face a slightly harder job delidding the chips so you gain some but lose some abilities with STIM.

I think that the Core i9-9900K is definitely one of the best gaming processors on the market and the 8 cores mean that just like Intel's previous best CPU, the Core i7-8700K, you get more cores, faster multi-threading performance and a great feature set on the new Z390 platform that offers users a lot of expandability on their new gaming PCs. The only main concern right now is the price which isn't what Intel promised to consumers and you are literally paying HEDT price for a mainstream CPU.

AORUS Z390 Master - A Beautiful and Masterful Z390 Motherboard For Enthusiast Gamers

The AORUS Z390 Master is a feature loaded motherboard and excels upon everything that made the previous AORUS Gaming 7 motherboards great. I'd start with the design which this motherboard gets everything right about. Retaining the ATX form factor and not overdoing with the flashy RGB gimmicks, the Z390 Master uses all the space available to provide more headroom for overclocking, more storage and I/O capabilities and better cooling out of the box.

It’s 12 Phase IRDigital Power Supply is one of the best with solid component and circuitry design that led to 5.3 GHz on the Core i9-9900K with a breeze. The BIOS itself could use slight updates as it is the main department that AORUS needs to put attention to considering they have a great overall product designed for consumers. My issues with the BIOS is that it's slightly prone to lag and sluggish operation while not saving profiles after a reboot in many panels. Aside from that, you'd see a plethora of options listed under the same panel which should be segmented for easier accessibility. The easy mode is there with auto overclocking options but those who want to take the extra step and tune the motherboard and processor to their own will need a good BIOS.

You'd be surprised to see the heatsink solution and backplate used on this motherboard. From my own testing, I saw a marginal decrease in temperature around the VRM area compared to the previous Z370 Gaming 7 from AORUS. The fin stack design does help here a lot, keeping the VRMs cool and operating at a stable load.

The AORUS Z390 Master series is built for high-tier memory support and DDR4-4266 is just a fraction of what’s possible. AORUS has told that their motherboards can run DDR4-4400 MHz memory kits with a breeze with further clocked memory being allowed through X.M.P support. More DRAM manufacturers are now launching kits with speeds beyond 4500 MHz+ that these Z390 high-performance motherboards can make full use of.

The whole feature set for this motherboard such as Realtek ALC1220 audio codec and the ESS SABRE HIFI DAC for audiophiles, a ton of USB 3.1 (Gen 1 / Gen 2) ports and triple M.2 ports (all with their own Thermal Guard heatsinks) is an eyecatcher for gamers.

In terms of storage, you’d find 6 SATA III ports which are good enough for enthusiasts in addition to the PCIe based storage connectivity. The wireless dongle on the motherboard provides good WiFi coverage over a large distance. Plus, you'd find a pre-fitted I/O cover which is a must for a motherboard designed in 2018.

The AORUS Z390 Master is a really beautiful motherboard with a powerful stack of features backing it that helps gamers and enthusiast get the most out of their PCs through overclocking. The BIOS can get some refinements but aside from that, the Z390 Master from AORUS is one of our top recommended Z390 motherboards for 9th Gen PC builders.

• You can purchase the AORUS Z390 Master here.

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